What is the birth canal?

The birth canal, also known as the vaginal canal or birth passage, is a muscular tube that connects the cervix to the vulva in females. It is the pathway through which a baby passes during vaginal delivery, making it an essential part of the reproductive system.

The length and shape of the birth canal can vary between women, but it generally measures around 10 cm (4 inches) in length. During childbirth, the birth canal widens and stretches to accommodate the baby's head and body, allowing for safe passage through the vagina.

The walls of the birth canal are lined with mucus membranes that produce lubrication to help ease the baby's passage. In addition, the birth canal is also home to various bacteria that help to protect the newborn baby from harmful infections.

While the birth canal is designed to efficiently and safely deliver a baby, complications can arise during delivery, such as difficult labor or tearing of the vaginal tissue. In such cases, medical intervention may be necessary to ensure the health and safety of both the mother and the baby.